New Longman Vistas Class: 4 Ch- 4(The Northern Plains)

New Longman Vistas- 4

Social Science

Chapter 4 – The Northern Plains

(Solutions)

 

Exercise A(Choose the correct answer)

1. The River Yamuna is not a tributary of River Indus.

2. River Ganga meets with River Yamuna at the city of Allahabad

3. Basin is an area watered by a river and its tributaries.

4. The Bhakra Nangal dam is built on River Satluj.

5. The soil of the Northren Plain is known as Alluvial.

 

Exercise B(Answer these questions).

 

Q.1. Why are the northern plains fertile? Which crops are grown here?

Ans. The northern Plains have been formed by three major rivers and their tributaries- Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra. These rivers bring along minerals, rocks and silt from the mountains and deposit them on their banks and surrounding areas. As a result the soil of the Northern Plains is very fertile.

                    Crops grown in the northern Plains are wheat, Rice, Sugarcane, Cotton, Oilseeds, Maize, Jute, etc

 

Q.2. Name the major basins of the Northern Plains.

Ans. There are three major basins of the northern plains.

        They are:        1. Indus Basin

                               2. Ganga Basin

                               3. Brahmaputra Basin

 

Q.3. The Northern Plains are thickly populated. Why?

Ans. The northern plains are thickly populated because the northern plains are extremely fertile. They produce large quantities of food crops. Many factories have come up along the banks of the rivers of northern plains. Several towns and cities like Kolkata, Patna, Agra, Allahabad, Varanasi etc have come up in these plains.

 

Q.4. Name major tributaries of River Ganga.

Ans. The major tributaries of River Ganga are Gandak, Gomti, Ghaghara, Kosi, Chambal, Sind, Betwa, and Son.

 

Q.5. Which states of India are located on the Indus Basin?

Ans. In India, the Indus basin covers the states of Punjab and Haryana. Both these states are drained mainly by River Satluj.

 

Exercise C(State whether these statements are True or False).

 

1.  The Gangasagar dam is built on the River Satluj.(False)

2.  River Ganga originates from the Gangotri glacier.(True)

3. River Ganga divides into River Jamuna and River Padma on entering West      Bengal. (False)

4.  River Brahmaputra originates in Tibet.(True)

5.  A tributary is a small river that flows and merges into bigger river.(True)

 

Exercise D(Match the columns)

 

1. Basin                           (b) An area watered by a river.

2. Tributary                      (a) A small river

3. Sunderban                  (e) delta in the River Ganga

4. Tsangpo                      (c) name of Brahmaputra in Tibet.

5.  Alluvial                       (d) a type of soil

 

Exercise E(Think and answer)

 

Q.1. What are the uses of dams that are built on major rivers?

Ans. A dam is useful in many ways-

           (a) Generation of Hydroelectricity

           (b) Irrigation

           (c) Fishing

           (d) Controls Flood

 

Q.2.  What measures should be taken to reduce the pollution of rivers?

Ans. We should adopt following practices to reduce the pollution of rivers-

           (a) Donot dump garbages in rivers.

           (b) Sewage treatment plants should be installed.

           (c)  Bathing and washing of clothes near water bodies should be avoided.

New Longman Vistas class 6 (Geography) Ch-1(The Earth in the solar system)

New Longman Vistas 6

Social Science(Geography)

Chapter 1- The Earth in the solar system

(Solutions)

 

Exercise A(Choose the correct option)

1. (c) 6000 ⁰C

2. (b) Mars

3. (b) Venus

4. (d) 76 years

 

Exercise B(True or False)

1. True

2. False(Sunlight takes 8 minutes to reach the earth surface)

3. False(The star nearest to the sun is Proxima Centauri)

4. True

 

Exercise C(Fill in the blanks)

1. Jupiter

2. Orbit

3. Inner planets

4. Vesta

 

Exercise D

Q.1. Whate are celestial bodies?

Ans. All the objects that we see in the sky are called celestial bodies or heavenly bodies. ​These celestial bodies include stars, planets, satellites, asteroids, meteoroids and comets.

 

Q.2. To which galaxy does our solar system belong?

Ans. The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our solar system. It is also known as Akash Ganga. The word 'milky' signifies a bright band of light in the night sky where it is almost impossible to distinguish between stars.

 

Q.3. Which are the two types of movement of the planets?

Ans. Planets have two types of movement: rotation and revolution.

1. Rotation is the movement caused when a planet rotates on its axis; for example, the Earth rotates from west to east on its axis.
2. Revolution is the movement when a planet revolves around the Sun in a fixed path. The path of revolution of each planet is either egg-shaped or elliptical; this path is known as an orbit. 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise E

 

Q.1. What are asteroids?

Ans. ​Apart from stars, planets and satellites, there are several other tiny bodies that move around the Sun. These bodies are known as asteroids. They are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The largest known asteroid is named Ceres.

 

Q.2. ​How is a meteor formed?

Ans. Meteoroids are the small pieces of rocks that revolve around the sun. some of these particles enters the earth’s atmosphere with great velocity(speed).Due to friction with the atmosphere they get heated up and start glowing. Most meteors burn out and some are quite large and fall on the earth’s surface creating a crater(hole).They are then called meteorites.

 

Q.3. What are periodical comets? Give an example.

Ans. Periodical comets are the comets that orbit around the Sun and return to the innermost point of their orbits after a regular interval of time. A good example of a periodical comet is Halley's Comet, which returns to its original position after 75$-$76 years.

 

Q.4. Why is there no life on the moon?

Ans. There is no possibility of life on the Moon because of the absence of the essentials of life on it, i.e. air and water. Also, there is no atmosphere around it, due to which days are very hot and nights are very cold. This makes the conditions unfavourable for the existence of life on the Moon.

 

Exercise F

Q. Differentiate between star and a planet.

 

Stars	Planets
Stars are celestial bodies made up of gases; they are huge in size and have very high temperatures.	Planets are the celestial bodies that do not have their own heat and light.
They have their own heat and light, which they emit in large amounts.	They are lit by the light of stars.
For example, the Sun is a star. ​	For example, the Earth on which we live is a planet.

 

Exercise G

Q. Why do we always see the same side of the moon ?

Ans. The Moon takes 27 days and 8 hours to revolve around the Earth. This period coincides with the rotation period of the Earth on its axis, i.e. 24 hours. This is the reason we always see the same side of the Moon. 

New Longman Vistas Class- 5 Chapter 2(Latitudes and Longitudes)

Class: V

             Social Science 

 Ch 2 – Latitudes and Longitudes

 

Exercise A(Match the columns)

1.     66^1/2 degree North             Arctic Circle

2.     23^1/2degree South             Tropic of Capricorn

3.     23^1/2degree North             Tropic of Cancer

4.     0 degree                               Equator

Exercise B(Fill in the blanks)

1.     (b)Equator

2.     (b)South Pole

3.     (a)Tropic of Cancer

4.     (d)Antarctic Circle

5.     (b)Grid

Exercise C(Answer these questions)

Ans: 1. The imaginary lines that run from east to west are called latitudes. These lines are parallel to each other.

The important latitudes are:

a.     Equator(0°)

b.     Tropic of Cancer(23¹/2°N)

c.      Tropic of Capricorn(23¹/2°S)

d.     Arctic Circle(66¹/2°N)

e.     Antarctic Circle(66¹/2°S)

 

 

Ans:2. The important features of latitudes are:    ( page no: 9)

                      

 

 

Ans:3. Longitudes and Latitudes form a network of lines called a grid. It helps us to locate places on a globe.

 

 

Ans:4.  An imaginary line 180° longitude is usually known as International Date Line. It is not a straight line because it passes through many islands in the pacific Ocean.

                                    When we from east to west of the international dateline or the 180 degree meridian we gain a day.  When we move from west to east of the 180 degree longitude, we lose a day.

 

 

Ans: 5. Grid helps us to locate the places on a map. A point at which a latitude and longitude cross each other is the exact location of that place.

 

 

Ans:6.  Difference between Latitudes and Longitudes are-

 

 

Exercise D(Think and Answer)

 

Equator is also known as the Great Circle because it is the longest latitude and it passes through the exact centre of the Earth and divides it in two equal half.

 

Exercise E(Label the important latitude)

 

(Draw it in fair copy)

 

 

New Longman Vistas Class- 5 chapter 3(Weather and Climate)

 Social Science - Class: V

Ch 3 – Weather and Climate 

Exercise A (Choose the correct answer)

1. (a) Torrid Zone

2. (b) Temperate Zone

3. (b) Frigid Zone

4. (a) Land breeze

5. (a) Cold

6. (b) Direct

7. (a) Three

Exercise B(Answer these questions)

Ans 1. Difference between weather and climate:

               

 

 

Ans 2. The factors that determine the climate of a place are:

	(i)   Latitude(Distance from the Equator)                                (ii)  Altitude                             (iii) Distance from the sea                             (iv) Direction of the wind                             (v) Rainfall and Humidity

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                                                                    

(i) Latitude(Distance from the Equator)

The climate of a place is affected by its distance from the Equator. The Places near the Equator receives direct sunlight thus become very hot and humid  but the places far from the equator or at higher latitude receives slanting sunrays thus have moderate climate.

 

 

(ii) Altitude

As we move to higher altitudes climate remains cool. So places situated at these altitudes experience cool climate in summer also .For example- Hill stations like Shimla, Kullu-Manali etc .

        On the other hand places situated at lower altitudes(near plains) are hot in summers and cold in winters. For example- Bihar, Delhi etc.

(iii) Distance from the sea

The climate of a place is also affected by its distance from the sea. Places which are situated far away from the sea are hot in summers and cold in winters but the places situated near to the sea have moderate climate during summer and winter.

                                    This is because of the land and sea breezes which occur in the coastal regions. 

(iv) Direction of the wind

The direction from which winds blow also affect the climate of a place. Winds blowing over from regions which are hot tend to increase the temperature of a place, similarly winds coming from regions which are cold tend to decrease the temperature of a place.

(v) Rainfall and humidity

Humidity also affects the climate of a place as it causes rainfall. Places near coastal areas are more humid because the winds blowing over these areas originate from the sea. On the other hand Climate in the deserts is extremely hot because they receive little or no rainfall because winds blowing in desert regions are dry and have no moisture.

 

Ans 3. The areas with similar climatic conditions are grouped into different Heat Zones.

Based on the heat received from the Sun, The Earth is divided into three Heat Zones.

These are:

(a) The Torrid Zone    (b) The Temperate Zone    (c) The Frigid Zone

Ans 4. Temperate zone receives the moderate sunlight in both the hemisphere hence the places that comes under temperate zones have moderate type of climate. The places remain neither too hot nor too cold.

                                         But, Frigid Zone near poles in both hemisphere receives slanting rays and very less heat from the sun therefore it remains frigid throughout the year and thus experience very cold climate.

 

Ans 5. The areas with similar climatic conditions are grouped into different Heat Zones.

Based on the heat received from the Sun, The Earth is divided into three Heat Zones.

These are:

(a) The Torrid Zone    (b) The Temperate Zone    (c) The Frigid Zone

 

                                       

(a) Torrid Zone: The area between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn is known as the Torrid Zone. This region experiences direct sunrays of the sun throughout the year thus remains very hot and humid throughout the year. This zone has tropical climate.  Some of the countries which lies in torrid zone are Southern India, Indonesia, Northern Australia, Africa etc.

 

(b) Temperate Zone: This zone lie between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the Northern Hemisphere and between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle in the southern hemisphere. This zone gets the slanting rays of the Sun as the angle of the Sun’s rays goes on decreasing towards the Poles. Thus this zone experiences moderate climate.

Some of the countries which lies in temperate zone are USA, Russia, Australia etc

 

(c) Frigid Zone: The frigid zone lies between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole and between the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole. This zone is also known as the Polar region. Since it receives the extreme slanting rays of the Sun, the temperature is extremely low throughout the year. This is the reason why the polar regions are generally covered with ice.

Canada, Alska, Greenland, Antarctica etc lies in this zone.

 

Exercise C(Think and answer)

South pole lies in the Frigid zone. It experiences slanting rays of the sun for few months. Thus South pole experiences  extreme cold throughout the year.

New Longman Vistas Class -4 Chapter 3(Life in the Northern Mountains)

 Ch 3: Life in the Northern Mountains

  Exercise (Solutions)

 

Exercise A(Choose the correct answer and fill in the blanks)

1.     (a) Kangri

2.     (d) Himachal Pradesh

3.     (c) bamboo

4.     (b) Orchid

5.     (c) Dispur

Exercise B(Answer these questions)

Ans 1. The states and union territories in the Northern Mountains Beautiful landscapes, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Pilgrim Centres and Hill stations. These are also famous for Mountain Hiking and other sports activities.  So, tourists visit the Northern Mountain’s states and union territories.

Ans 2. The crops that are grown the Northern Mountain states are-

States	Name of the crops
Jammu & Kashmir	Saffron, Barley, Maize, Rice, Wheat, Fruits- Apples, Cherries, Almonds, Walnut etc
Himachal Pradesh	Wheat, Maize, Rice, Barley, Fruits- Plums, Peaches, Apricots,Pomegranates, Apples etc
Sikkim	Tea
Arunachal Pradesh	Rice,Wheat, Maize, Mustard
Meghalaya	Rice, Potato, Maize, Pineapple, Banana
Manipur	Wheat, Maize, Cotton, Sugarcane, Oranges and Pineapples
Mizoram	Rice, Maize, Mustard, Cotton, Fruits
Tripura	Jute,Sugarcane,Oilseeds, Fruits

 

 

 

Ans 3. The states in the Northern Mountains experiences cold climate. During winter there is heavy snowfall in some of the states and temperature dips below freezing point bur during summer people enjoy the pleasant weather.

 

Ans 4. The traditional dresses of men and women of Himachal Pradesh are following-

Men wear Cholas with churidar pyjamas, Embroidered caps and Women wear Kurta-Pyjama and scarf on head.

 

Ans 5. Shikaras are flat-bottomed wooden boats. These are beautiful houseboats. It is very popular in Dal lake of Jammu and Kashmir.

 

Exercise C (State whether these statements are true or false).

1.     True

2.     False

3.     True

4.     False

5.     True

 

Exercise D(Match the columns).

1.     Kahwa                                   (b) Special Tea

2.     Rouf                                       (a) A dance of Jammu and Kashmir

3.     Nati                                        (d) A dance of Himachal Pradesh

4.     Boku                                      (e) A type of dress

5.     Jhoom                                   (c) A type of Farming

 

Exercise E(Think and Answer)

(Students you can also write of your own choice)

 

Ans 1. If I travel to Jammu and Kashmir I will enjoy following things.

Dishes - Phirni, Rogan josh,Gustaba, Rista, Yakhni etc.

Places to visit- Valleys like Gulmarg, Spituk, Lakes- Dal,wular , Holi places- Amarnath cave, Vaishno Devi etc

Occupations to see- Miniature painting, Shawl weaving, Agricultural Farms etc.

 

 

Ans 2. In Northeastern states following are the similarities and Dissimilarities-

Similarities	Dissimilarities
1.     They have almost similar climate.	1.  Difference in language
2.     Occupations	2.  Dance forms
3.     Food	3.  Dresses